World Journal of Endocrine Surgery

Register      Login

VOLUME 7 , ISSUE 3 ( September-December, 2015 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

The Dominant Somatostatin Receptor in Neuroendocrine Tumors of North Indian Population

Narendra Krishnani, Rajneesh K Singh, Pooja Shukla

Citation Information : Krishnani N, Singh RK, Shukla P. The Dominant Somatostatin Receptor in Neuroendocrine Tumors of North Indian Population. World J Endoc Surg 2015; 7 (3):60-64.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1171

Published Online: 01-12-2008

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2015; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) express different types of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) that bind to synthetic analogs with variable affinity. It is important to know the expression profile of SSTRs to predict biological effect of somatostatin analogues. We studied SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the dominant subtype in NETs and correlate the expression with histological prognostic parameters.

Materials and methods

Fifty-three consecutive cases of NET from all sites were evaluated for SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression by IHC. The expression was correlated with histological features of NETs.

Results

Forty-four cases were resected specimens and 9 were small biopsies. Nine of 53 cases (16.9%) were functional tumors. There were 24 NETs from gastrointestinal tract (GIT), 19 from pancreas and 10 from miscellaneous sites. Overall SSTR expression was seen in 43 NETs (79.2%). Somatostatin receptor 2 was expressed in 30 cases (56.6%) and SSTR5 in 39 cases (73.6%). Somatostatin receptor 2 expression showed near significant negative correlation with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.05). Somatostatin receptor 5 expression showed significant negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.008) and tumor size (p = 0.02). Anatomic location and tumor necrosis were not significantly different. Somatostatin receptor 5 was dominant subtype expressed in all NETs with intense expression.

Conclusion

Somatostatin receptor 5 expression was the dominant subtype and expressed in small sized tumors. Somatostatin receptor 2 was expressed more in low grade NETs. Somatostatin analogs can be effective both in functional and nonfunctional NETs and can be useful in both resectable and nonresectable or metastatic tumors.

How to cite this article

Krishnani N, Kumari N, Singh RK, Shukla P. The Dominant Somatostatin Receptor in Neuroendocrine Tumors of North Indian Population. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):60-64.


PDF Share
  1. Update on the role of somatostatin analogs for the treatment of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Semin Oncol 2013;40(1):56-68.
  2. UKNET work for neuroendocrine tumours: guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours. Gut 2005 June;54(Suppl 4):1-16.
  3. Expression of somatostatin receptor types 1-5 in 81 cases of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine tumors. A correlative immunohistochemical and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Virchows Arch 2002;440(5):461-475.
  4. Identification of somatostatin receptor subtypes 1, 2A, 3 and 5 in neuroendocrine tumours with subtype specific antibodies. Gut 2002;50(10):52-60.
  5. Opportunities in somatostatin research: biological, chemical and therapeutic aspects. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003;2(12):999-1017.
  6. Somatostatin and its receptor family. Frontiers Neuroendocrinol 1999;20(3):157-198.
  7. Role of somatostatins in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development and therapy. Gastroenterol 2010;139(3):742-753.
  8. Expression of somatostatin receptor types 2, 3 and 5 in biopsies and surgical specimens of human lung tumours. Correlation with preoperative octreotidescintigraphy. Virchows Arch 2001;439(6):787-797.
  9. Peptide receptors as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Endocr Rev 2003;24(4):389-427.
  10. Systemic distribution of somatostatin receptor subtypes in human: an immunohistochemical study. Endocr J 2005;52(5):605-611.
  11. Somatostatin receptor type 2A immunohistochemistry in neuroendocrine tumors: a proposal of scoring system correlated with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Mod Pathol 2007;20(11):1172-1182.
  12. Future aspects of somatostatin-receptor-mediated therapy. Neuroendocrinol 2004;80(Suppl 1):57-61.
  13. The pathologic classification of neuroendocrine tumors: a review of nomenclature, grading and staging systems. Pancreas 2010;39(6):707-712.
  14. Somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, current aspects and new perspectives. J Experiment Clin Cancer Res 2010 Mar 2;29:19. Available at: http://www.jeccr.com/content/29/1/19.
  15. The evolving landscape of neuroendocrine tumors. Semin Oncol 2013;40(1):4-22.
  16. SOM230: a novel somatostatin peptidomimetic with broad somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) receptor binding and a unique antisecretory profile. Eur J Endocrinol 2002;146(5):707-716.
  17. Consensus report of the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system. Ann Oncol 2004;15(6):966-973.
  18. Somatostatin receptor SSTR1-SSTR5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands. Eur J Nucl Med 2001;28(7):836-846.
  19. Immunohistochemical detection of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 2A and 5 in pituitary adenoma from acromegalic patients: good correlation with preoperative response to octreotide. Endocr Pathol 2007;18(4):208-216.
  20. SSTR1 and SSTR5 subtypes are the dominant forms of somatostatin receptor in neuroendocrine tumors. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010 Jan 1;48(1):142-147.
  21. Somatostatin receptor profiling in hepatic metastases from small intestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: immunohistochemical approach with potential clinical utility. Cancer Control 2006;13(1):52-60.
  22. Detection of somatostatin receptors in surgical and cell carcinomas percutaneous needle biopsy samples of carcinoids and islet detection. Cancer Res 1990;50(18):5969-5977.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.