World Journal of Endocrine Surgery

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2010 | May-August | Volume 2 | Issue 2

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EDITORIAL

Geoffrey B Thompson

Optimal Management of Graves Disease in Childhood and Adolescence

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:1] [Pages No:0 - 0]

   DOI: 10.5005/wjoes-2-2-v  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

1,244

REVIEW ARTICLE

Akira Miyauchi, Yasuhiro Ito

Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Strategies of Thyroid Carcinomas Originating from Follicular Cells

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:10] [Pages No:53 - 62]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1023  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

There are three types of thyroid carcinoma originating from follicular cells, papillary carcinoma (PTC), follicular carcinoma (FTC) and anaplastic carcinoma (ATC). PTC and FTC have generally indolent nature but ATC, which is believed to arise from PTC and FTC, are very progressive and display a dire prognosis. PTC and FTC are called differentiated carcinoma and regarded as a single group, but biological characteristics of these two types of carcinoma significantly differ. PTC frequently metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes and FTC generally metastasizes to distant organs such as the lung and bone. Most PTC can be diagnosed on preoperative imaging studies and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and can be treated as malignancy. However, it is difficult to diagnose FTC preoperatively and most FTC are diagnosed on postoperative pathological examination. In this review, we describe prognostic factors of PTC and FTC and their therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, recent advances of treatment for ATC are also described.

3,911

REVIEW ARTICLE

Peyman Björklund, Lee F Starker, Annabelle L Fonseca, Tobias Carling

Molecular Basis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:8] [Pages No:63 - 70]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1024  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

During the past decade and a half, studies of genetic predisposition, parathyroid tumorigenesis, and molecular genetics of familial hyperparathyroid disorders have started to unveil the molecular basis of pHPT. Primary HPT is found in several distinct disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance such as in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), MEN2A, the HPT-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHPT), autosomal dominant mild hyperparathyroidism (ADMH), and neonatal severe HPT (NSHPT).

2,760

REVIEW ARTICLE

Dina M Elaraj, Cord Sturgeon

Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography for Characterization of the Indeterminate Adrenal Tumor

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:6] [Pages No:71 - 76]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1025  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Incidental adrenal masses are common, with most representing benign, nonfunctional cortical adenomas. The diagnostic approach should consist of a biochemical evaluation for hormonal hypersecretion, as well as an assessment of the risk of malignancy (primary adrenal cancer vs metastasis from another site). The size and appearance of the adrenal tumor on imaging studies are critical to management decisions. Computed tomography (CT) or T1 weighted chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can usually diagnose a cortical adenoma based on characteristics related to intracellular lipid content. However, 30% of cortical adenomas are lipid-poor, and will be classified as indeterminate on CT or MRI. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a useful method of further characterizing an indeterminate adrenal mass, particularly in an oncology patient in whom identification of an adrenal metastasis will affect disease stage and therapy. FDG-PET has been found to have a sensitivity of 93 to 100% and a specificity of 70 to 100% for the identification of an adrenal malignancy in both oncology and non-oncology patient populations. Indications for adrenalectomy include all functional adrenal tumors, known or suspected primary adrenal cancers that appear resectable, adrenal tumors > 4 cm, and isolated adrenal metastases.

6,030

RESEARCH ARTICLE

S Gambhir, S Barai

Radioiodine for Treatment of Graves' Disease in Pediatric Population: An Ideal Treatment

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:77 - 80]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1026  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sagili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy

Radioiodine is not the Preferred Choice of Treatment for Pediatric Graves' Disease

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:5] [Pages No:81 - 85]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1027  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for treatment of hyperthyroidism in Pediatric Graves' disease is effective but limited literature exists regarding its long-term safety. There is no long-term prospective randomized controlled study on long-term safety of pediatric Graves' disease receiving RAI ablation. There are concerns regarding development of both thyroid and non-thyroidal malignancy, and primary hyperparathyroidism in subjects receiving RAI. Current evidences donot support routine use of RAI ablation in such situation. Surgery is a safe option.

2,124

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Chung-Yau Lo

Laparoscopic Enulceation and Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Insulinomas

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:5] [Pages No:87 - 91]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1028  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

2,968

CASE REPORT

Geraint J Rees, J Stephen Davies, David M Scott-Coombes

Pseudopheochromocytoma following Adrenal Hemorrhage

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:3] [Pages No:93 - 95]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1029  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Pseudopheochromocytoma usually presents with the signs and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma, yet investigations fail to show any evidence of the tumor. This case reports a man who presented with severe abdominal pain and hypertension without previous symptoms of anxiety, tremor or palpitations at the time of presentation. Initial 24 hours urinary metanephrines were raised which suggested a diagnosis of hemorrhage into a pheochromocytoma. Clinicians need to be aware of this scenario if unnecessary surgery is to be avoided.

5,008

CASE REPORT

Gregory W Randolph, Carrie C Lubitz, William C Faquin, Randall D Gaz, Parangi Sareh, Richard A Hodin, Antonia E Stephen

Metastatic Melanoma to Thyroid: A Case Report and Institutional Review

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:4] [Pages No:97 - 100]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1030  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Objective

To report a case of melanoma metastatic to the thyroid gland and to review our experience with secondary neoplasms of the thyroid.

Methods

We depict the presentation and treatment of the patient, illustrating pathologic and radiologic findings. All patients with pathologic confirmation of metastatic tumors of the thyroid undergoing thyroidectomy at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed (1995- 2008).

Results

A 59-year-old male presented with malignant melanoma of the scalp. Two months following his melanoma excision and lymphadenectomy, he underwent a hemi-thyroidectomy for fine-needle aspirate positive solitary metastasis. He initially did well, but on follow-up was noted to have diffuse metastases and expired from his disease eight months following initial diagnosis. Institutional review revealed 13 additional patients with pathologically confirmed secondary thyroid tumors.

Conclusions

FNA remains an indispensable diagnostic tool. Palliation from local compressive symptoms is an indication for surgery and long-term survival is seen in some patients undergoing resection of isolated metastases.

3,722

CASE REPORT

Ryan M Antiel, John R Porterfield, David R Farley

Recurrent Para-aortic Paragangliomas

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:2] [Pages No:101 - 102]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1031  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Episodic spells of headache, palpitations, and flushing may be the result of catecholamine-secreting tumors such as extra-adrenal paraganglia tissue – paragangliomas. Presentation, diagnostic implications, and radiographic imaging of paragangliomas are discussed within the context of a case presentation. Although the operative cure rate is high, the variable course of the disease requires life-long follow-up.

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Gyan Chand, Sagili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Tanmay Bharani, Deependra Singh

Tattooing as Alternative Therapy for Goiter

[Year:2010] [Month:May-August] [Volume:2] [Number:2] [Pages:2] [Pages No:103 - 104]

   DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1032  |  Open Access |  How to cite  | 

Abstract

Goitre is an ancient art form being practiced world over for various reasons. We report a case where tattoo marking was used as a form of therapy for goitre. Tattoo therapy had failed to provide any benefit to the patient who later underwent total thyroidectomy with good post operative recovery

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